Hair waving heater



Uct. 27, 1931. w s. LEWIS HAIR WAVING HEATER Filed March 7, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheer.

R O T N E V N ATTORNEY Oct. 27, 1931. w. s. LEWIS 1,829,362

HA'IR WAVING HEATER Filed March '7, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheer. 2

INVENTOR W/LB/Jf? 5A LEW/5 A TORNEY Patented Get. 27, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILBUR STANLEY LEWIS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE NESTLE-LE MUIR COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO HAIR WAVING HEATER Application filed March 7, 1929. Seria1 No. 345,036.

This invention relates to a hair waving apparatus of the type wherein each strand of hair is subjected to heat and vapor treatment while wrapped about a mandrel disposed in tangential relation to the customers head. The treatment ordinarily includes covering the strand on the mandrel with a wrapper or pad of absorbent material, wet with a treating liquid which is vaporized by the heat, thereby assisting in the formation of the curl or wave.

Suitable covering means retain the vapor from the pad, and heat is applied by means of an electric element surrounding the covering. Shield elements clamped onto the strand between the mandrel and the scalp vention is embodied. In the drawings trunnions in elevation;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the heating element; y

Fig. 9 is a partial perspective view of the upper shield showing certain features of construction;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross sectional view on a plane represented by the line 10-10, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 11 illustrates the handle construction in detail;

Fig. 12 illustrates a removable pad for a lower shield element; and

Fig. 13 is an elevation of a combined pin wrench and crimping tool.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 10 my apparatus includes a mandrel 10, a double clamping shield 11 and 12 and a heater 18. A strand or tress of hair 14, clasped near the scalp by the two shield members 11 and 12, is wound around the mandrel 10 and wrapped in a pad, further described hereinafter. The mandrel with the hair wound thereon is supported in standards 16 and 17, one on each end of the upper clamping shield 11, and is covered by the inverted trough shaped heater 13, which is lightly fastened thereto by spring clips 18.

As shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the mandrel 10 consists of a rod having a concave hairreceiving surface 21, and knurled cylindrical ends 22, each with a circumferential groove 23. A finger 24 hinged at one end of the section 21 can be raised as in Fig. 6 to permit a strand of hair 14 to be looped over the mandrel, and then lowered again, after which the strand is wrapped partly over the finger 24 so that the hair and the finger hold one another mutually in position, as shown in Fig. 10.

The hinge construction consists of a wire ring 25 laid in a shallow circumferential groove. One end of the finger 24 is turned under and around the wire within a longitudinal notch 27 in one side of the mandrel, as shown in Fig. 7, the entire arrangement being such as to avoid any projections or rough edges for the hair to catch on or become entangled with.

The mandrel carries a journal 28 at one end and an arbor 29 at the other. The journal 28 may conveniently be formed integrally with the mandrel, while the arbor 29 is rotatably seated in an axial bore 30. The projecting end of the arbor has flat sides 31 adapted I 20 grooves 23.

The knurling on the ends 22 gives a finger hold for turning the mandrel, and diametral holes 36 near one end allow a pin wrench, Fig. 13, to be used for further tightening, as will be explained below. The grooves 23 are for the purpose of permitting the wrapping with which the hair is surrounded to be crimped therein as described hereinafter.

The tool shown in Fig. 13 is a combined pin wrench and crimper, and comprises a round bar 38 with a pin 39 at one end to fit the holes 36 and a fork 40 at the other to fit the The wrapper or pad which I preferto use with this apparatus is of the type disclosel by United States Patent No. 1,619,798, and consists of a sheet of flannel or other absorbent material ll, and larger successive coverings of pa er 42 and metal foil 43, illustrated in section in Fig. 10 9f the present disclosure, although the present invention is not limited to the use of such a wrapper.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 3, 4 and 10, the shield comprises an upper member 11 best seen in Fig. 3 and a lower member 12 best seen in Fig. 4. The member 11 is particularly intended as a holder for the mandrel and heater, while the immediate function of the member 12 is to protect the scalp. Both clamp on the strand of hair.

. The upper clamp, Fig. 3, includes two long flat fingers 50 hinged together at one end and adapted to be swung into closed position edgeto-edge with a strand of hair 14 between them, Each finger 5Q may conveniently be built up of two superposed narrow outside strips of metal 51 and 52 carrying top and bottom facing strips53 the full width of the finger. The lower metal strip 51 has a head at each end such as 51', Fig. 9, extending in ward the full width of the finger, serving to back the end of the bottom facing .strip 53. These facings 53, made of a suitable stifi heatresistent non-conducting material, such as fabric treated with bakelite, are fastened.

flush to the outer edges of the metal strips, thus overlapping those strips on the inside 55 and so forming grooves in which rubber strips 54, twice the thickness of the metal strips, are held. The inner edges of these rubber strips slightly overlap the inner edges of the facings, as illustrated in Figs. 3, 9 and-10, to engage the strand 14 firmly, and are readily removed and replaced, as shown in Fig. 9, when the rubber loses its resiliency.

The fingers 50 are connected at'their respec tlve ends by the standards 16 and 17. The

standard 16 constitutes a hinge,rigidly atmandrel bearing. The lower flange of the L engages between the top facing 53 and the head 51' of the bottom metal strip. A spring clip 18 is secured to the middle of the outer edge of each finger 50, these clips being bent inward to engage a bottom bead 58 on the heating element 13, to hold the latter in place over the mandrel and against the shield 11.

, The lower shield 12, best shown in Fig. 4,

is made of two flat fingers -60, preferably made of fiber board, and each covered with a fiat flannel or similar sleeve 61, slipped on so as to be readily renewable for each customer if advisable. v These fingers are applied to thefstrand 14 edge-to-edge in the same manner as the fingers 50. .Each has a flat metal loop 62 pivotally secured to one end and adapted to be brought over the correspond ing end of the adjoining finger, to hold the two together side by side. One of the loops is also riveted as at 63 to the finger which it surrounds, as seen at the left end of Fig. 1, making a permanent hinge, while the other loop constitutesa latch.

1 convenient sleeve form is illustrated by Fig. 12, consisting of a strip of flannel folded along its longitudinal median line, and stitched fiat along the overlying edges.

Referring partlcularly to Figs. 8 and 10, the heater 13 presents the external appearance of an open-ended'trough of inverted U cross section, comprising a metal shell made up of an upper plate 70 and a lower plate 7.1 enclosing between them a heating coil 72 which is encased in mica sheets 73 and heatinsulated from the upper plate by an asbestos layer 7 4. The lower plate 71 is turned up at the ends and is crim ed to the bottom edges of the up er plate 0, forming the bottom bead 58 w ich is enga ed by the cli s 18 and so held to the ppper s ield 12. A andle 7 6 is fastened over a rectangular opening in the middle of the back ofthe upper plate 70 by upturned lugs 77, 7 7 This handle, which comprises a bar 78 longitudinally disposed on the heater, and a perforated ear 7 9 rising from the bar, may conveniently be molded of bakelite, hard rubber or the like, formed in two parts, shown separated in Fig. 11. Complemental grooves 80 on the inner face of each constitute passages, when the parts are ut together, for the two conductors of a flexi 1e cord 81. The grooves 80 connect at the bottom with outward pockets 82 and downward holes 83, both of less diameter than the grooves.

In connecting the cord 81 to the heating coil 72, the coil leads are brought up through the asbestos layer 7 4-, through the opening in v 23 on the ends of the mandrel.

the plate 70, andthrough the holes 83, and fastened to the bare ends of thecord conductors, which are then turned out at an angle and laid in the pockets 82. Since the size of the grooves 80 is such as to fit the cord insulation snugly, this handle assembly permits a considerable pull on the cord without danger of breaking it away from the deli-' cate leads to the heating coils.

All the electrical elements and connections are thus insulated from the metal parts of the heater, avoiding all possibility of shock or burns to the operator or to the customer.

In using the apparatus the operator grasps a strand of hair 14, fastens the clamps 11 and 12 on it adjacent the scalp, lifts the finger 24 from the surface 21, loops the hair over the mandrel, then closes the finger, and winds the remainder of the strand over the closed mandrel. Thus the strand and the finger mutually hold one another in place as is apparent from Fig. ,lQ. The operator now puts the mandrel arbors into the slots of their respective standards and tightens up on the mandrel by means of the pin wrench 39, the arbor 29 serving as a ratchet to prevent unwinding.

The operator next covers the strand on the mandrel with the absorbent pad, the flannel of which has been wet with a suitable liquid. To retain the steam and vapors which the heat releases from the moistened treating pad, the foil covering of the pad, which extends beyond the flannel, is crimped down by the crimping tool 40, Fig. 13, into the grooves The heating element is now placed over this assembly and held in place by the spring clips 18. These clips are in light engagement with the ead 58, so that in case of overheating, short ircuiting, or other accidents, the natural tendency of the customer to duck her head will disengage the upper clamp 11 from the heater 7 12. since the heater is supported from above,

' and will thus immediately put an end to the cause ofdiscomfort and avoid any possibility of injury either through burning, electric shock, or pulling of the hair, all of which dangers are present in types of apparatus where the heater is firmly secured to the clamp.

Having described a preferred embodiment of my invention it is to be understood that I do not strictly limit myself thereto but that the principles thereof may be embodied with in the scope of the appended claims.

'What I claim is:

1. In anapparatus for waving hair by the application of heat, a clamp comprising two separable elements mutually hinged at one end, and a locking member for said elements at the other end, said hinge and said look ing member each being of unitary construction, permanently secured to said clamp, and providing supports at the ends of said clamp, a mandrel, trunnions-upon the ends of said clamp, spring clips on said clamp, a bead on the lower edge of said heater adapted to fit adjacent said clamp and to be engaged by said clips, whereby said clamp may be removed from said heater by direct downward pull.

3. A waving heater including a hair clamp and a heater adapted to fit on top of said clamp, spring clips on said clamp, a bead on the lower edge of said heater adapted to fit adjacent said clamp and to be engaged by said clips, whereby said'clamp may be removed from said heater by direct downward pull, said clip holding said bead lightly, thereby permitting instantaneous automatic release.

4. In a hair waving apparatus, a mandrel having a hair receiving surface of concave cylindrical form and two cylindrical surfaces on each end, said surfaces being knurled for hand engagement and the two end surfaces being separated by a groove, pin-wrench holes through said mandrel in one of said grooves, and a pliable non-resilient cover adapted to be crimped into said grooves.

5. In a hair waving apparatus, a mandrel having a concave cylindrical surface adapted to receive a strand of hair, circumferential grooves in the mandrel ends, and a pliable non-resilient cover adapted to surround the strand and to be crimped into the grooves.

6. In a hair waving apparatus, a mandrel having a concave cylindrical surface adapted toreceive a strand of hair, circumferential grooves in the mandrel ends, a liquid-containing element adapted to overlie the strand, and a pliable non-resilient cover adapted to surround the liquid-containing element and to be crimped into the grooves.

7. In a hair waving apparatus, as a subcombination, a mandrel, a finger-on said mandrel and a hinge within the body of said mandrel connecting said finger thereto.

8. A combined tool for use in connection with the mandrel of a hair waving apparatus of the class described, said mandrel having wrench holes and circumferential grooves, said tool consisting of a bar, a pin at one end thereof, and a bifurcated crimping element at the other end, said pin and said crimping element being adapted to fit said holes and said grooves, respectively.

9. In an apparatus for waving hair by the application of heat, a clamp comprising two separable elements mutually hinged at one end, and a locking member for said elements at the other end, said hinge and said lock- 4- a v r 1,829,362

ing member each being of unitary construction, permanently secured to said clamp, and providing supports at the ends of said clamp for another element of the apparatus.

I, 10. A handle for the heating element of an electric Waving apparatus comprising a bottom bar adapted to be placed longitudinally upon the back of said heater, and a loop rising therefrom, said handle comprising two m complemental molded elements, complental grooves on the inner 'face of each of said elements tending first inwardly and downwardlybelowlthe loop, and then horizontally out- Wardly, and upward perforations through -1 said bottom bar leadinginto said grooves,

said grooves and perforations being adapted when the elements of the handle are brought together to form a passage for an electrical conductor.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature this 6th day of March, 1929.

WILBUR STANLEY LEWIS. 

